How 11 surveyed jurisdictions protect data across 6 legal mechanisms, based on the Data as an IP Asset Part II report (INTA Data Protection Committee, 2024/25). No jurisdiction currently treats data as a standalone IP right.
Stage:
AI-Generated Protection Facets
Each cell's content is artificially generated: the concrete legal bases (statutes, case law, regulations) were extracted and summarized by an AI system from the Data as an IP Asset Part II report (INTA Data Protection Committee, 2024/25), with the current stage of each. This is indicative only and does not constitute legal advice — always consult the underlying report and qualified legal counsel for jurisdiction-specific guidance. Click any cell to view the full facet list and source analysis. Cells labelled Committee-revised have been reviewed by committee members in the relevant territory.
Showing 11 of 11 jurisdictions
Jurisdiction
Recent Changes & Developmentslinks = last 6 months
Thaler v. Perlmutter, 130 F.4th 1039 (D.C. Cir. 2025) confirmed no copyright for purely AI-generated works; the Supreme Court denied certiorari on March 2, 2026, leaving the human-authorship requirement final. CCPA amendments (e.g., AB 1008 (2024), extending 'personal information' to AI system outputs) continue to expand personal data rights.
Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 largely entered force 5 February 2026. Introduces automated decision-making reforms and electronic marketing changes. Further provisions phasing in during 2026.
Criminal Code amended in 2020 (CUSMA Implementation Act) to criminalize trade secret theft. AIDA died at prorogation in January 2025; Bill C-36 (2026) covers privacy only, with no AI framework.
Privacy Act 1988 significantly amended in 2024; the statutory tort for serious invasions of privacy commenced 10 June 2025. National AI Plan (Dec 2025) supersedes the mandatory-guardrails proposal; 'Australian Standards for AI' legislation announced July 2026.
AUCL revised 2025 (effective Oct 2025): trade secrets now Art. 10, new Art. 13 bans improper data acquisition. NDA issued national Data Property Registration Guidelines (Trial) July 2026, unifying the local pilots. Cybersecurity Law amendments effective Jan 2026; AI Content Labeling Measures effective Sept 2025. Cross-border transfer rules eased by CAC's March 2024 provisions but remain significant.
DPDP Rules 2025 notified November 2025 (phased compliance to May 2027); Data Protection Board established but members not yet appointed; ANI v. OpenAI interim ruling July 2026.
AI Bill 2026 (Senate Bills No. 4) at First Reading April 2026; ODPC draft AI Guidance Note in consultation July 2026; Copyright and Related Rights Bill 2026 and IP Bill 2026 consultations open; Computer Misuse and Cybercrimes Act amended November 2025.
New LFPDPPP (DOF 20 Mar 2025) replaced the 2010 law; INAI dissolved — enforcement now with the Secretaría Anticorrupción y Buen Gobierno. LFPPI reformed Apr 2026 (AI-committed unfair competition sanctioned); LFDA reformed May 2026 (AI voice/image-cloning protections).
Copyright Act 2022 enacted (replacing Cap C28 LFN 2004). Nigeria Data Protection Act (NDPA) enacted 2023, establishing Nigeria Data Protection Commission (NDPC).
Source: Data as an IP Asset Part II, INTA Data Protection Committee, Best Practices Subcommittee, 2024/25. Analysis covers AU, BR, CA, CN, EU, IN, KE, MX, NG, UK, US.